Meninges: properties and functions.

 

Meninges: properties and functions.

The meninges are an important part of the central nervous system. They are fundamental supports for its function, as well as for the nutrition and protection of the cells that make it up.

The meninges are a trio of membranes that cover and protect the central nervous system consisting of the spinal cord and brain. They are placed on top of each other. The outermost layer is the hard meninges, next comes the arachnoid, and the deepest layer is called the soft meninges.

The meninges and meninges are the cerebrospinal fluid in the space. This fluid plays a protective role in the brain. This is because it reduces the damage from a blow or fall. Several diseases can occur in the meninges, including meningitis (general inflammation of the meninges).

The meninges protect the brain and spinal cord

The problem with nerve tissue is that it is extremely fragile. It is made up of weak nerve fibers and specialized cells in soft tissue. Therefore, it must remain hermetically sealed to keep out infections. The role of the meninges is to overcome weaknesses, such as protection against trauma and infection.

Meningitis

The meninges have their own weaknesses: they are in indirect contact with the outside world. In fact, the ear is in contact with the surrounding air (through the auricle). Thus, an ear can sometimes quickly transfer its bacteria to the nearby meninges and cause meningitis (meningitis). This is also why hearing problems are the most common complication of certain forms of meningitis.

Doctors can determine the origin of this infection using a lumbar puncture and a CSV analysis of color, cell count, and cell types. The appearance of the fluid can give clues about the type of meningitis.

The origin of meningitis with clear fluid is often viral, and meningitis with cloudy or purulent fluid is usually bacterial. Specialists analyze the fluid to identify the bacteria responsible and thus the most appropriate treatment.

In case of viral meningitis, a patient without immunodeficiency problems will defeat it without external treatment. In the case of bacterial meningitis, antibiotics must be taken as soon as possible to avoid possible sequelae. Thus, meningococcal infection can also occur and requires the implementation of treatment of the patient's environment.

The layers of the meninges

The nervous system found in bony structures is not in direct contact with the bones. A system of membranous layers surrounds the nerve organ: the meninges. There are three. From outside to inside, they are: hard meninges, arachnoid meninges, and soft meninges.

Hard meninges (dura mater)

This is the outermost membrane. It is hard and strong and is formed by connective tissue that protects the underlying layers from the surrounding bones. It guarantees a protective start. Hard meninges are visible just above the orbit of the eye.

It contains most of the veins that collect blood used by the brain and return it to the heart. Hard meninges enclose most of the nervous system with great precision, from the brain to the sacral vertebrae of the spinal cord.

Both the dura mater and the rest of the meninges contain and connect through various nerve fibers. In fact, they have multiple pressure and pain receptors. The trigeminal and vagus nerves in the dura, as well as the first three spinal nerves, protrude. In short, it is a layer of the meninges that acts as a bridge between the central nervous system and other elements.

Arachnoid

This membrane is located between hard meninges and soft meninges. It got its name because of its resemblance to a spider web. It consists of a homogeneous outer lamella, the cobweb membrane and an inner areolar layer, with large meshes. The latter constitutes the subarachnoid space through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

This space also contains a series of important cerebral pits and cisterns where the cerebrospinal fluid accumulates, allowing distribution. The function of the cerebrospinal fluid is, among other things, to protect, nourish, lubricate and assist in the electrical function of the central nervous system. In other words, it provides the most suitable environment for the survival and functioning of the main coordination and communication systems of the human body.

Different parts of the brain

Parts of the brain. The parts of the brain mainly consist of the cerebral cortex, which is the outermost layer of the large brain, and the inner parts of the brain. ...

The cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is thus the outermost layer of the brain, and is sometimes also called the cortex from its Latin name. ...

Lobes of the brain. ...

Internal parts of the brain.

Arachnoiditis is inflammation of the spider's web. In addition, it causes local irritation of the brain which is the origin of epileptic seizures and paralysis or sensory disturbances, depending on the level of inflammation. This inflammation is often an effect of meningitis. The arachnoid meninges and soft meninges are leptomeninges, or soft meninges, which are located internally unlike hard meninges.

The space between the meninges and the arachnoid is known as the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, the space between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater is called the subdural space and contains the interstitial fluid.

Soft meninges (pia mater)

Finally, the innermost of these membranes connect to the nerve tissue. This membrane is thin, compact and supports the blood vessels of the central nervous system. In addition, it closely surrounds the brain, covering the folds and extending into the deepest grooves. It also extends outward over the cranial nerves and connects to their epineurium. Cerebral arteries that extend into the substance of the brain carry a sheath of soft meninges.

Soft meninges form the choroid tissue on the roof of the brain's third and fourth ventricles. It also fuses with the epineurium to form the choroid plexus in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain.

The hard meninges protect the brain against external damage and trauma. The cobweb-like meninges act as a cushion and absorb shocks during movement. The soft meninges protect the brain tissue and keep it moist and nourished. The meninges regulate the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

What are the meninges and what is their function?

Three meninges surround the brain

The dura mater is at the outer end and is the strongest. The spider web is the middle one. The membrane got its name because it is as thin as a spider's web. The soft meninges lie inside.

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

The cerebral cortex, also called the cortex, is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for controlling our senses, movements and higher cognitive functions such as language, memory and emotions. It consists mostly of nerve cells and their connections.

What do different parts of the brain do?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language, (for example speaking and writing), new language learning and logical thinking. The right hemisphere works with spatial perception, melodies, wholeness and intuition. The occipital lobe receives and processes visual impressions, the temporal lobe sounds and the cranial lobe sensations.

What are the functions of the meninges and the fluid between them?

The brain is surrounded by the bones of the skull and several layers of meninges. The spinal cord runs in the vertebral canal and is also protected by membranes. Inside the membranes is a fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that helps cushion blows and shocks

What part of the brain controls emotions?

It is in the so-called limbic system in the brain that our behavioral impulses are generated. The nerves here are controlled by chemical signals and are absolutely crucial for our emotions.

What are the three meninges called in Swedish and Latin?

In Latin they are called meninges. Usually the tumor arises in the middle meninges called the arachnoid. An error occurs in cells in the meninges that causes them to start multiplying at a higher rate than normal and eventually a clump of cells, a tumor, is formed. Meningioma is usually a benign brain tumor.

What important functions are controlled by the brainstem?

Between the spinal cord and the cerebrum. What else does the brainstem do other than regulate our sleepiness? It regulates breathing, the heart, blood pressure, various reflexes and the feeling of hunger and thirst.

What is dopamine?

Dopamine is a substance that is produced in the brain and is responsible for our movement control. The cells that produce dopamine are found in an area called the brainstem and the dopamine is then secreted in the basal ganglia, an area of ​​the brain that has an important function in regulating our movements.

What do the thalamus and hypothalamus do?

The thalamus manages, and prioritizes, among our various sensory impressions and plays an important role in our ability to pay attention. The hypothalamus is in charge of the control mechanisms for blood pressure, body temperature, metabolism and sleep.

What does the brain need most?

A diet containing vegetables, whole grain products, nuts, fruit, olive oil and fish rich in omega-3, what is usually called the Mediterranean diet, has a positive effect on the brain by improving communication between the brain's nerve cells. In addition, this diet is good for the heart.

What part of the brain controls sexuality?

The limbic system also affects the autonomic nervous system by making the individual stressed via the sympathetic system. Sexuality is also controlled from here. When it comes to memory and learning, this system has a very important role.

Samuel

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